---
url: "https://questionstar.com/principles-of-survey-research/chapter-3/slide-082.html"
title: "Influence of Formulation on the Answer"
type: "lehrbuch-slide"
chapter: 3
chapterTitle: "Questionnaire"
slide: 82
---

# Influence of Formulation on the Answer

*Same action, different formulation — opposite answers. Source: Noelle-Neumann & Petersen (1998), p. 192 · n = 2100, p < 0.05*

### Question A

"May one smoke while praying?"

→ Answer: No

### Question B

"May one pray while smoking?"

→ Answer: Yes

Same action, different formulation — opposite answers. Source: Noelle-Neumann & Petersen (1998), p. 192 · n = 2100, p < 0.05

Share of answers (%)

Yes

No

Unsure

"Do you **even** believe in true love?"

"Do you believe in true love?"

n = 2100, p < 0.05

---

*Slide 82 of 274 · Chapter 3: Questionnaire · Principles of Survey Research · Dr. Paul Marx*