---
url: "https://questionstar.com/principles-of-survey-research/chapter-5/slide-177.html"
title: "Cross-Tabulations"
type: "lehrbuch-slide"
chapter: 5
chapterTitle: "Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques"
slide: 177
---

# Cross-Tabulations

*Cross-tabulations summarize the joint distribution of two (or more) discrete variables in a table.*

### Cross-Tabulations

**Cross-tabulations** summarize the joint distribution of two (or more) discrete variables in a table.

They help analyze the **relationship** of one variable (e.g. brand loyalty) with another (e.g. gender).

Each cell represents a **combination of the categories** .

Typical questions a cross-tabulation answers:

- How many brand-loyal consumers are men?
- Is the usage frequency (high, medium, low) of a product related to outdoor activities (often, sometimes, rarely, never)?
- Is familiarity with a new product related to age and level of education?
- Is ownership of a product related to income (high, medium, low)?

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*Slide 177 of 274 · Chapter 5: Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques · Principles of Survey Research · Dr. Paul Marx*