---
url: "https://questionstar.com/principles-of-survey-research/chapter-5/slide-179.html"
title: "Cross-Tabulations"
type: "lehrbuch-slide"
chapter: 5
chapterTitle: "Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques"
slide: 179
---

# Cross-Tabulations

*The third variable*

Sometimes introducing a **third variable** can reveal …

Case 1 Spurious relationships The apparent relationship disappears once you control for it.

Case 2 Hidden relationships A previously invisible relationship becomes visible.

Case 3 No change The original relationship remains unchanged.

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*Slide 179 of 274 · Chapter 5: Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques · Principles of Survey Research · Dr. Paul Marx*