---
url: "https://questionstar.com/principles-of-survey-research/chapter-5/slide-182.html"
title: "Cross-Tabulations"
type: "lehrbuch-slide"
chapter: 5
chapterTitle: "Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques"
slide: 182
---

# Cross-Tabulations

*Case 3 · the third variable*

Is the frequency of visits to fast-food restaurants related to family size?

Visit frequency by family size

| Frequently go to fast-food restaurants | Family size |  |
|------|------|------|
| Small | Large |  |
| yes | 50 % | 50 % |
| no | 50 % | 50 % |
| Total | 100 % | 100 % |
| Number of cases | 500 | 500 |

… by family size and income

| Frequently go to fast-food restaurants | Low income | High income |  |  |
|------|------|------|------|------|
| Small | Large | Small | Large |  |
| yes | 50 % | 50 % | 50 % | 50 % |
| no | 50 % | 50 % | 50 % | 50 % |
| Total | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % |
| Number of cases | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |

Even after introducing the third variable (income), it stays 50%/50% everywhere — the original (non-)relationship **does not change** .

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*Slide 182 of 274 · Chapter 5: Data Analysis: A Concise Overview of Statistical Techniques · Principles of Survey Research · Dr. Paul Marx*