---
url: "https://questionstar.com/principles-of-survey-research/chapter-7/slide-262.html"
title: "The substantive core"
type: "lehrbuch-slide"
chapter: 7
chapterTitle: "Reporting Results"
slide: 262
---

# The substantive core

*Background, conversations with decision-makers and experts, then a clear management and research question.*

Problem Definition

Background, conversations with decision-makers and experts, then a clear **management and research question** .

Approach & Design

Theoretical foundations, models, hypotheses; methods presented graphically and non-technically, **details in the appendix** .

Data Analysis

Justify the analysis plan and techniques, explain them in **simple terms with examples** .

Results

**The longest part.** Structured by form of analysis, data collection method or objectives — tied to the information needs.

Conclusions & Recommendations

Don't just summarize: **interpret** and — where possible — derive actionable recommendations.

Limitations & Appendix

Name limitations **in a balanced way** , without undermining confidence; appendix with authorization, questionnaire, sample.

---

*Slide 262 of 274 · Chapter 7: Reporting Results · Principles of Survey Research · Dr. Paul Marx*